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Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial
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Engineering Hyperechogenic Colloids with Clot-Targeting Capabilities from Platelet-Derived Membranes.

Mark Louis P Vidallon1,2,3,4, Mitchell J Moon2,5, Haikun Liu1,2

  • 1Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.

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|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Platelet Membrane-Derived Bubbles (PMBs) offer a novel nanobiotechnology approach for diagnosing and treating thrombosis. These ultrasound-visualizable bubbles target blood clots, showing promise for clinical applications in cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
bubblescell membraneplateletthrombus targetingultrasound contrast agent

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Area of Science:

  • Nanobiotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Thrombosis-related cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of global mortality.
  • Early diagnosis and targeted therapy for thrombotic disorders remain critical clinical challenges.
  • Conventional nanoparticles face limitations in specificity and imaging capabilities for thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize Platelet Membrane-Derived Bubbles (PMBs) for advanced thrombosis diagnosis and therapy.
  • To evaluate the ultrasound imaging properties and thrombus-targeting capabilities of PMBs.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of PMBs for clinical translation in nanobiotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PMBs (average diameter 700 nm, negative ζ-potential) from platelet membranes.
  • Visualization of PMBs using diagnostic ultrasound imaging in vitro and in vivo (live mice).
  • Confocal laser microscopy to confirm retention of transmembrane proteins (CD41, CD42) and platelet aggregation studies.

Main Results:

  • PMBs were visualized as hyperechogenic entities via ultrasound imaging.
  • Essential platelet-specific transmembrane proteins were retained on PMBs.
  • PMBs adhered to in vitro thrombi without inducing aggregation and targeted laser-induced thrombosis in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • A rapid method for generating PMBs with unique ultrasound-directed and thrombus-targeting properties was developed.
  • PMBs demonstrate potential for safe and precise targeting of acute thrombosis.
  • PMBs hold significant promise for advancing ultrasound diagnostic thrombus imaging and clot-targeted therapy.