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Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

The Necessary Rapprochement of Negative Affectivity, Personality Disorder, and Depression.

Steven K Huprich^1,2,3, Shichie J Kuribayashi⁴, Vitaliy L Voytenko^5,6,7

¹Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, 241 Reno Hall, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, MI, 48221, USA. hupricst@udmercy.edu.

Current Psychiatry Reports

|October 3, 2024

Summary

Understanding the link between depression and personality is crucial for effective treatment. Integrating personality assessment into depression diagnosis can improve outcomes and minimize treatment resistance.

Keywords:

AMPD Depression HiTOP Negative affectivity Personality disorder

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Published on: May 19, 2015

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Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

The relationship between depression and personality remains poorly understood, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment resistance in depression highlights the need for a more integrated approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To review historical and recent conceptualizations of depression and personality pathology.
To examine negative affectivity as a link between depression and personality disorders.
To explore the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition (ICD-11) and the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) frameworks.

Main Methods:

Review of empirical studies on negative affectivity, personality, and depression.
Analysis of research on depressive and personality disorders.
Description of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) and AMPD.

Main Results:

Negative affectivity serves as a key link between depression and personality traits.
Depressive disorders are closely associated with personality disorders.
The HiTOP and AMPD offer valuable frameworks for understanding depression within personality structures.

Conclusions:

Assessing depressive disorders within the context of patient personality is essential for optimizing treatment.
An integrated approach can guide unified treatment protocols.
Early detection and intervention of personality factors can minimize treatment resistance in depression.