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Subject relative clause preference in Basque: ERP evidence.

Svetlana Zimnukhova¹, Mikel Santesteban², Adam Zawiszewski²

¹Independent researcher. Previous affiliation: Department of English and German Philology and Translation and Interpretation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

Brain and Language

|October 4, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated subject-object preferences in Basque relative clauses (RCs) using EEG. Findings reveal a subject relative clause (SRC) preference, suggesting linear distance and subject-first bias influence RC processing.

Keywords:

Basque Ergativity Morphological markedness Relative clauses Subject-first preference Word order

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Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Neuroscience
Computational Linguistics

Background:

Cross-linguistic variations exist in processing subject-object relations within relative clauses (RCs).
Factors like distance, case marking, and word order influence RC attachment preferences.
Previous Basque studies showed conflicting preferences for object RCs (ORCs) in prenominal and subject RCs (SRCs) in postnominal constructions.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the primary factor influencing relative clause processing in Basque.
To investigate subject-object preferences in temporally ambiguous postnominal RCs using electroencephalography (EEG).

Main Methods:

Utilized EEG signatures to analyze event-related potentials (ERPs).
Examined subject-object preferences in temporally ambiguous Basque postnominal RCs.
Compared ERPs for object relative clauses (ORCs) versus subject relative clauses (SRCs).

Main Results:

ORCs elicited significantly augmented late positive-going activity (P600) and a sustained anterior negativity (LAN) compared to SRCs.
EEG data indicated a clear preference for subject relative clause (SRC) processing.
These neural signatures suggest SRCs are processed more easily than ORCs in this context.

Conclusions:

Subject-object preferences in RC disambiguation are primarily driven by filler-gap linear distance and/or a subject-first bias.
The findings contribute to understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying syntactic processing across languages.
Basque postnominal RCs show a preference for SRCs, aligning with subject-first processing tendencies.