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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

40.2K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
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Evolutionary branching in multi-level selection models.

Burton Simon1, Yaroslav Ispolatov2, Michael Doebeli3,4

  • 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA. burt.simon@ucdenver.edu.

Journal of Mathematical Biology
|October 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models group evolution, showing weaker individual selection boosts group adaptability and branching. Stronger individual selection enhances within-group adaptation but hinders group-level evolution.

Keywords:
Adaptive dynamicsContinuous snowdrift gameGroup selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Game theory
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Populations exhibit complex structures with individual and group-level interactions.
  • Evolutionary processes are influenced by both individual and collective dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate evolutionary diversification in group-structured populations.
  • To analyze the impact of two-level games (individual and group) on trait evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling group-structured populations with individual and group-level events.
  • Simulating continuous trait evolution under snowdrift and prisoner's dilemma games.
  • Analyzing selection pressures at individual and group levels.

Main Results:

  • Complex evolutionary dynamics observed, including branching and type-diversification.
  • Weaker individual selection promotes group adaptability and potential group-level branching.
  • Stronger individual selection enhances within-group adaptation but limits group-level adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Selection pressure intensity critically shapes evolutionary trajectories in structured populations.
  • Group-level interactions and individual strategies are intertwined, leading to diverse evolutionary outcomes.