Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.1K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.1K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
118.1K
Roles of Electrolytes: Sodium and Potassium01:24

Roles of Electrolytes: Sodium and Potassium

296
Sodium plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and overall bodily homeostasis. Sodium balance is primarily regulated by kidney function, which adjusts sodium elimination to match dietary intake and maintain proper electrolyte levels. Sodium is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and is found in salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Although cellular plasma membranes are relatively impermeable to sodium, its role in...
296
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.4K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.4K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

62.4K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
62.4K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.6K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhanced Efficacy of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Green Compounds: A Dual-Action Strategy Against <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> in <i>Pinus massoniana</i>.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Reactive Dissolution-Thermal Conversion Enables Closed-Pore Filling in Hard Carbon toward Potassium Storage.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Thermal Decomposition Mechanism and Product Distribution Control of Retired Wind Turbine Blades Catalyzed by Metals.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Breaking the Size Constraint: Rational Vacancy Design Activates Submicron Prussian Blue Cathodes for Potassium-Ion Storage.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Dual-Cation Batteries via Synergistic Cation-Sieving Electrodes and Tailored Electrolytes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Construction of the Multi-Epitope HFMD Vaccine Based on an Attenuated CVB3 Vector and Evaluation of Immunological Responses in Mice.

Vaccines·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.6K

Electrolyte Design Enables Stable and Energy-Dense Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Zhe Zhang1, Xiaofang Wang2, Jiacheng Zhu3

  • 1School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel electrolyte for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), enabling high performance with graphite anodes and K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] cathodes. The new electrolyte offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).

Keywords:
Coulombic efficiencyElectrolyteGraphite anodeHigh-voltage Prussian blue analogue cathodePotassium-ion batteries

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

12.9K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.6K
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

12.9K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are explored as sustainable, low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the absence of critical elements like lithium and cobalt.
  • Current PIBs suffer from suboptimal electrochemical performance, particularly concerning electrolytes that can support both low-voltage anodes and high-voltage cathodes effectively.
  • The lack of suitable electrolytes with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) and cycling stability hinders practical PIB applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrolyte for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) that overcomes the limitations of existing systems.
  • To demonstrate the electrolyte's capability to support both low-voltage anodes and high-voltage cathodes with high efficiency and stability.
  • To evaluate the performance of a full PIB cell utilizing the new electrolyte for practical energy storage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development and characterization of a novel electrolyte formulation for PIBs.
  • Electrochemical testing of the electrolyte with a commercial graphite anode, focusing on initial and cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE).
  • Assembly and testing of a K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] (KMF) cathode||graphite anode full cell to assess performance metrics like discharge voltage, specific energy, and long-term cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • The developed electrolyte enables a graphite anode to achieve an initial CE of 91.14% and an average cycling CE of 99.94%, with negligible capacity fading.
  • The electrolyte shows excellent compatibility with a high-voltage K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] (KMF) cathode operating at 4.4 V (vs. K+/K).
  • The KMF||graphite full cell delivers an average discharge voltage of 3.61 V, a specific energy of 316.5 Wh/kg, and retains 71.01% capacity after 2000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The novel electrolyte significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), addressing key challenges in CE and cycling stability.
  • The developed electrolyte facilitates high-performance PIBs, offering a promising, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to current lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology.
  • The KMF||graphite full cell demonstrates potential for practical applications, achieving energy density comparable to LIBs and excellent long-term durability.