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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Larynx01:21

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
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Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
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Effects of speaking style and semantic predictability on vowel production.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2024
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Dynamic acoustic vowel distances within and across dialects.

Cynthia G Clopper1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Acoustic analysis reveals how vowel sounds differ across American English dialects. New dynamic measures capture regional variations in vowel similarity more effectively than traditional methods.

Area of Science:

  • Phonetics and Acoustics
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Vowel acoustic similarity varies significantly across regional American English dialects.
  • Traditional acoustic measures often use discrete time points, potentially missing dynamic formant trajectory information.
  • Understanding dialectal differences in vowel perception is crucial for linguistic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply and compare novel language and accent distance measures for evaluating vowel category similarity within talkers.
  • To examine the utility of these measures in capturing predicted regional dialectal variations in American English.
  • To assess the effectiveness of dynamic time warping and formant trajectory analysis in dialectology.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic time warping (DTW) of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to assess spectral acoustic distance over time.

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  • Root-mean-square (RMS) distance and generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) applied to selected formant trajectories.
  • Comparison of acoustic distances across Southern, New England, and Northern American English dialects.

    • Main Results:

    • DTW of MFCCs successfully captured predicted Southern American English vowel similarity.
    • RMS distance and GAMMs captured predicted vowel similarity patterns for Southern, New England, and Northern dialects.
    • GAMMs explained the most variation but do not provide a single distance value, unlike DTW and RMS.

    Conclusions:

    • Dynamic acoustic measures, including DTW and formant trajectory analysis, are valuable for studying dialectal vowel variation.
    • Generalized additive mixed models offer a nuanced approach to capturing complex dialectal patterns.
    • These methods enhance our understanding of acoustic vowel category similarity across diverse American English dialects.