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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

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InGaP χ⁽²⁾ integrated photonics platform for broadband, ultra-efficient nonlinear conversion and entangled photon

Joshua Akin^1,2, Yunlei Zhao^1,2, Yuvraj Misra^1,2

¹Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

Light, Science & Applications

|October 14, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) photonics platform for efficient nonlinear optics. This breakthrough enables ultra-efficient second-harmonic generation and an ultra-bright entangled photon source for quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and optical engineering.
Quantum optics and quantum information science.
Materials science for optical applications.

Background:

Nonlinear optics is crucial for advancements in science and technology.
Progress in nonlinear optics relies on developing materials with enhanced optical nonlinearity.
Existing technologies in the telecommunication C band have limitations in nonlinear optical efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) integrated photonics platform.
To achieve broadband and ultra-efficient second-order nonlinear optical effects.
To develop an ultra-bright, broadband time-energy entangled photon source.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of InGaP nanophotonic waveguides.
Characterization of second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency at 1.55 μm.
Generation and analysis of time-energy entangled photon pairs.

Main Results:

Achieved normalized SHG efficiency of 128,000%/W/cm², nearly two orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art in the C band.
Realized an ultra-bright, broadband entangled photon source with a pair generation rate of 97 GHz/mW and 115 nm bandwidth.
Demonstrated high coincidence-to-accidental counts ratio (CAR > 10⁴) and two-photon interference visibility (>98%) for the entangled photon source.

Conclusions:

The InGaP platform offers unprecedented efficiency for second-order nonlinear optics.
The developed entangled photon source is suitable for demanding quantum applications.
This InGaP nonlinear photonics platform has significant potential for quantum networking, optical signal processing, and non-classical light generation.