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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

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Gelatin-Coated High-Sensitivity Microwave Sensor for Humidity-Sensing Applications.

Junho Yeo¹, Younghwan Kwon²

¹Department of Artificial Intelligence, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 16, 2024

Summary

Gelatin-coated microwave sensors show higher humidity sensitivity than poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sensors. Gelatin demonstrates superior performance, especially at lower relative humidity levels, indicating its potential for advanced humidity sensing applications.

Keywords:

defected ground structure with a modified interdigital capacitor (DGS-MIDC)gelatin high sensitivity microwave humidity sensor polyvinyl alcohol

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Sensor Technology

Background:

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a widely used hydrophilic polymer for humidity sensors.
Gelatin, a natural protein-based polymer, offers an alternative material for sensing applications.
Microwave sensors based on defected ground structure with modified interdigital capacitors (DGS-MIDC) are suitable for humidity detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the humidity-sensing characteristics of gelatin and PVA.
To evaluate the performance of DGS-MIDC microwave sensors coated with gelatin and PVA.
To investigate the sensitivity and relative permittivity changes of the sensors under varying relative humidity.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of two DGS-MIDC microwave sensors (0.02 mm thickness), one coated with gelatin and the other with PVA.
Testing sensor response to relative humidity (RH) from 50% to 80% at 25 °C.
Analysis of percent relative frequency shift (PRFS) and percent relative magnitude shift (PRMS) to determine humidity sensitivity.

Main Results:

The gelatin-coated sensor exhibited higher capacitive humidity sensitivity (PRFS and PRMS) than the PVA-coated sensor.
Gelatin showed significantly greater sensitivity at lower RH (50%–60%) compared to PVA.
The change in extracted relative permittivity was more pronounced for the gelatin-coated sensor with varying RH.

Conclusions:

Gelatin presents superior humidity-sensing capabilities compared to PVA for L-band microwave applications.
Gelatin's enhanced sensitivity at low RH makes it a promising material for precise humidity monitoring.
The study validates gelatin as a viable alternative for developing high-performance capacitive humidity sensors.