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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Controlling Matter Phases beyond Markov.

Baptiste Debecker1, John Martin1, François Damanet1

  • 1Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Atomique et de Spectroscopie, CESAM, <a href="https://ror.org/00afp2z80">Université de Liège</a>, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum system phase transitions are typically studied assuming memory-less environments. This research shows that memory effects in reservoirs can reshape phase boundaries and trigger new non-Markovian phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Phase transitions in quantum systems are often studied under the Markov approximation, assuming memory-less environments.
  • Real-world quantum systems, particularly in solid-state and atomic physics, interact with reservoirs possessing finite memory times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of non-Markovian (memory) effects on dissipative phase transitions in quantum systems.
  • To explore how these memory effects can be utilized to control and modify phase boundaries.
  • To identify novel phase transitions that emerge specifically due to non-Markovian reservoir dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the spectral theory for non-Markovian dissipative phase transitions, as developed in a companion publication.
  • Analyzing the influence of finite reservoir memory times on quantum system dynamics and phase behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that memory effects in reservoirs can actively reshape the phase boundaries of quantum matter.
  • Revealed the existence of entirely new dissipative phase transitions that are exclusively triggered by non-Markovian reservoir characteristics.
  • Showcased the potential for leveraging memory effects to control quantum phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Non-Markovian effects are crucial for accurately describing phase transitions in many realistic quantum systems.
  • Memory in quantum reservoirs offers a new pathway for controlling and engineering quantum phase transitions.
  • The spectral theory provides a robust framework for studying non-Markovian quantum thermodynamics.