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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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[Current progress on trained immunity-based vaccines].

C Y Xiang1, N Wang1, Y Shi1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) leverage trained immunity (TI) for enhanced innate immune responses. This novel vaccine strategy aims to improve resistance against diverse infectious pathogens beyond conventional vaccine targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Trained immunity (TI) enhances innate immune cell responses upon re-stimulation.
  • Conventional vaccines primarily induce adaptive immunity.
  • A gap exists in broad-spectrum pathogen protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concepts and mechanisms of trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV).
  • To explore the application areas and future prospects of TIbV.
  • To offer a new perspective for vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on trained immunity and vaccine development.
  • Analysis of the principles underlying TIbV.
  • Discussion of potential applications and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • TIbV utilizes innate immune memory for broad-spectrum protection.
  • This approach offers potential against pathogens not covered by traditional vaccines.
  • TIbV represents an emerging strategy in vaccine research.

Conclusions:

  • TIbV is a promising new vaccine strategy based on trained immunity.
  • It has the potential to broaden vaccine efficacy against various infectious agents.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of TIbV.