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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fuel-Driven π-Conjugated Superstructures to Form Transient Conductive Hydrogels.

Ifigeneia Tsironi1,2, Jarek A Maleszka1,2, Brigitte A K Kriebisch3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel conductive hydrogels from reactive fibers. These out-of-equilibrium materials exhibit tunable electronic functions triggered by chemical fuels, enabling new biomimetic applications.

Keywords:
Chemical Reaction CycleConductive HydrogelsFar-From-EquilibriumNaphthalene Diimide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Dissipative materials like hydrogels typically show transient structural changes.
  • Developing out-of-equilibrium materials with electronically tunable functions via chemical reactions is a significant challenge.
  • Biomimetic materials require advanced out-of-equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer far-from-equilibrium conductive hydrogels with electronically tunable properties.
  • To utilize reactive fiber structures as resting states for fuel-driven material activation.
  • To explore the potential of these materials in advanced applications like biorobotics and chemical computing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of fiber structures from reactive naphthalene diimide (NDI) building blocks.
  • Employing chemical fuels to initiate a dual-component activation and deactivation pathway.
  • Kinetic analysis to understand reaction pathways.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to investigate solid-state morphologies.
  • Electrical conductivity measurements to quantify functional changes.

Main Results:

  • NDI-derived fibers formed far-from-equilibrium conductive hydrogels upon fueling, unlike molecularly dissolved states.
  • A distinct dual-component activation/deactivation pathway was observed in the fiber system.
  • Cryo-EM revealed morphological transitions from fibers to fibrils and layered superstructures.
  • Transient redox-active hydrogels showed a threefold increase in conductivity post-fuel consumption, reverting over hours.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive fiber structures serve as effective resting states for creating out-of-equilibrium conductive hydrogels.
  • The fuel-driven process enables dynamic control over electronic properties.
  • These materials offer a promising platform for programmable biorobotics and chemical computing.