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Avian influenza overview June-September 2024
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|October 22, 2024
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) detections increased in European seabirds, with a new HPAI A(H5) genotype noted. Human cases remain rare, with low public risk in the EU/EEA.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Monitoring of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics and potential zoonotic risks.
- Recent epidemiological periods have shown varying levels of HPAI activity globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report and analyze HPAI A(H5) and A(H7) virus detections in Europe between June and September 2024.
- To assess the emergence of new HPAI genotypes and their potential impact.
- To evaluate the risk of avian influenza virus infection in humans.
Main Methods:
- Surveillance data collection on HPAI virus detections in domestic and wild birds across Europe.
- Genotyping of detected HPAI viruses.
- Review of reported human cases and their exposure history.
- Risk assessment for human populations in the EU/EEA.
Main Results:
- 75 HPAI A(H5) and A(H7) virus detections were reported in European birds, with an increase along Atlantic, North Sea, and Baltic coasts, especially in seabirds.
- A new HPAI genotype, EA-2023-DT, potentially more transmissible in gulls, was identified.
- 19 new human avian influenza virus infections were reported globally, primarily linked to poultry or dairy cattle exposure.
- No new HPAI detections in European mammals, but over 230 dairy cattle establishments affected in the USA.
Conclusions:
- While HPAI detections in European birds showed a localized increase, overall numbers remained relatively low.
- The emergence of new genotypes like EA-2023-DT warrants continued monitoring.
- Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare, with no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
- The risk to the general public in the EU/EEA from avian A(H5) influenza viruses is low, but low-to-moderate for exposed individuals.
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