A 10-year Retrospective Clinical Study to Identify Risk Indicators for Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Implant Failure

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Long-term outcomes of dental implants are crucial for patient satisfaction and treatment success.
• Understanding factors influencing implant survival and bone loss is essential for improving clinical protocols.
• Previous studies have indicated various risk factors, but long-term data is continuously needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the long-term survival and success rates of dental implants.
• To identify specific patient-level and implant-level indicators affecting long-term implant outcomes.
• To analyze the impact of early bone loss and other covariates on long-term crestal bone levels.

Main Methods:

• Longitudinal evaluation of implant survival, success, and crestal bone loss (BL) over 10-14 years.
• Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank tests for patient-level covariates.
• Mixed-effects models (linear and multiple) to assess mean bone loss (MBL) at 1, 5, and 10 years post-surgery.

Main Results:

• Overall implant survival rate was 94.74% after an average follow-up of 10.66 years.
• Implant survival was negatively influenced by smoking, narrow implant width, early bone loss (EBL) > 0.5mm, and a history of periodontitis.
• Mean bone loss (MBL) after 1 year was influenced by abutment height, surgery type, and implant width; later bone loss was affected by abutment height, EBL > 0.5mm, and smoking.

Conclusions:

• A history of periodontitis and implant-level factors (smoking, width, EBL) significantly impact long-term implant survival.
• Late bone loss is significantly associated with abutment height, early bone loss, and smoking.
• These findings highlight critical factors for optimizing dental implant longevity and patient outcomes.