EVALUATION OF PROTEIN C AND S IN Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR

Beta-thalassemia major is a genetic disease characterized by formation of little or no beta-globin chain, leading to premature death of red blood cells and hence to ineffective erythropoiesis. Aim of this study to evaluate Protein C and Protein S in patient with beta-thalassemia major and its correlation with haemoglobin, serum ferritin, D. dimer, prothrombin time and liver enzymes.

Study is a case control, for patients with beta-thalassemia major at Ibn Al-Atheer Hospital in Nineveh Province in Iraq during a period from July 2022 to November 2022. A total of (70) patients diagnosed as β-thalassemia major, from 5 to 40 years old presented at thalassemia center. A total of (30) normal persons, age and sex matched to the patients. Complete blood count, Protein C, Protein S, Pro-thrombin time, Ferritin, D. dimer, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, done for all patients and control.

Protein C and protein S were significantly lower in patients with β-thalassemia major in comparison to control. Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged in patients with β-thalassemia major. D. dimer was significantly increase in β-thalassemia major than control. Protein C and protein S level were significantly higher in cases with frequent blood transfusion than in those with non -frequent patient. Prothrombin time and D. dimer also significantly elevated in patients with non-frequent transfusion.

These findings suggest that patients with β-thalassemia major may be at a higher risk for coagulation abnormalities and should be closely monitored. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between β-thalassemia major and coagulation parameters.