ASSESSMENT OF CIPROFLOXACIN EFFECTS ON SOME CHICKS' ORGANS: A COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

The aim is to evaluate ciprofloxacin toxicity in the liver and kidneys by assessing their functioning, histological alterations, and GFAP expression in chicks. In the acute trial, the chicks were divided into 3 groups of six. The 1st was the control. The 2nd and 3rd received injections of 250 and 500 mg/kg cipro. In the subchronic experiment, the animals were separated into two groups: the 1st group was control and 2nd groups were administered 125 mg/kg cipro for two weeks. The acute treatment at a dose of 500 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in AST (alanine aminotransferase), ALT (aspartate aminotransferase), Mg (magnesium), and Ca (calcium), as did the subchronic trial at a level of 125 mg/kg. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was measured at ciprofloxacin dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg in the acute trial, as well as 125 mg/kg in the subchronic study. Histological examination revealed mild to severe lesions in the liver and kidneys treated with 250-500 mg/kg. The dose of 125 mg/kg resulted in significant coagulative necrosis of liver cells, sinusoidal enlargement, and severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Severe coagulative necrosis of the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules, and glomerular atrophy were all observed. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP in brain tissue showed a high positive result. We concluded that high doses of ciprofloxacin caused obvious biochemical and histological abnormalities in the liver and kidneys, cholinesterase inhibition in response to kidney and liver injuries, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the brain.