Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.0K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.0K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

220
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
220
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

376
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
376
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

728
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
728
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

329
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
329
The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

1.6K
The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Who Blames the Moon for Poor Sleep? An Exploratory Online Survey.

Clocks & sleep·2026
Same author

Prediction of cognitive performance by demographics, sleep, and brain morphometry: machine learning findings from ENIGMA-Sleep Working Group.

Research square·2026
Same author

Chronotype and Time of Day Effects in Oddball Task Performance: Behavioural and Cerebral Correlates.

Journal of sleep research·2026
Same author

Breaking the nap habit: one-year nap restriction mitigates memory decline in older adults.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Correspondence: circadian melatonin rhythms in critically ill patients with delirium.

Critical care (London, England)·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Pr and Pfr structures of plant phytochrome A.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Implicit Bias: Evolution of a Powerful Idea.

Annual review of psychology·2026
Same journal

Introduction.

Annual review of psychology·2026
Same journal

Social Robotics Is Not (Just) About Machines, It Is About People: Psychology's Role in Developing Social Machines.

Annual review of psychology·2025
Same journal

Intensive Longitudinal Methods: Toward a Psychological Science of Daily Life.

Annual review of psychology·2025
Same journal

Human Rationality.

Annual review of psychology·2025
Same journal

Space to Act, Think, and Create.

Annual review of psychology·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.2K

The Circadian Brain and Cognition.

Christian Cajochen1,2, Christina Schmidt3,4

  • 1Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Annual Review of Psychology
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythms regulate daily biological cycles, influencing sleep, cognition, and overall health. Disruption of these natural rhythms can negatively impact mental and neurological well-being.

Keywords:
alertnessattentionbiological clockscircadian healthcircadian rhythmsexecutive functionmental and neurological disordersneurobehavioral performancesleep homeostasissleep/wake regulation

More Related Videos

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

8.4K
Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.2K
Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

8.4K
Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are endogenous, approximately 24-hour cycles inherent to all living organisms.
  • These biological rhythms anticipate environmental changes by aligning with the Earth's light/dark cycle.
  • Circadian rhythms influence human cognition directly and indirectly via sleep/wake cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of the circadian system on sleep/wake regulation and cognitive performance.
  • To discuss the health implications of circadian disruption, focusing on mental and neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circadian rhythms, sleep, cognition, and neurological health.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking circadian regulation to arousal systems and attention.
  • Examination of regional variations in circadian rhythms of cortical activity.

Main Results:

  • Circadian regulation of performance is modulated by sleep debt and cognitive domain.
  • Ascending arousal systems and their interaction with attention are implicated in circadian effects on cognition.
  • Attention-related cortical responses exhibit distinct circadian rhythms across different brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • The circadian system plays a critical role in regulating sleep and cognitive functions.
  • Circadian disruption is associated with increased risk and severity of mental and neurological disorders.
  • Understanding circadian mechanisms is crucial for addressing health issues related to sleep and cognition.