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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

414
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
414
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

585
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
585

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Novel Surgical Approach for Intratracheal Administration of Bioactive Agents in a Fetal Mouse Model
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Advances in foetal anaesthesia.

Tom Bleeser1, Arjen Brenders1, Simen Vergote2

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, UZ Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal anesthesia is used in fetal surgery to manage pain and immobility. However, potential impacts on fetal brain development require further investigation.

Keywords:
Anaesthesia-induced neurotoxicityFoetal surgeryObstetric anaesthesiaPaediatric anaesthesia

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Fetal medicine
  • Surgical innovation

Background:

  • Antenatal ultrasound screenings increasingly detect congenital anomalies.
  • Fetal surgery is emerging as a treatment option for various fetal conditions.
  • Anesthesia is crucial for fetal surgery, managing pain, immobility, and uterine relaxation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and considerations of anesthesia in fetal surgery.
  • To discuss methods of anesthetic administration to the fetus.
  • To highlight potential risks of prenatal anesthesia on fetal brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on fetal surgery and anesthesia.
  • Analysis of anesthetic techniques for minimally invasive and open fetal procedures.
  • Examination of animal study findings on prenatal anesthesia and neurodevelopment.

Main Results:

  • Fetal anesthesia can be administered directly or indirectly to the fetus.
  • Anesthesia is essential for preventing fetal pain and ensuring surgical conditions.
  • Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects of prenatal anesthesia on fetal brain development.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal anesthesia is a critical component of fetal surgery.
  • Careful consideration of anesthetic administration is necessary.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term neurodevelopmental implications of prenatal anesthesia in humans.