Advanced Bio-sensing Technologies for Sickle Cell Disease Diagnosis.

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Hematology
• Biotechnology and Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic blood disorder caused by mutations in the beta-globin gene, leading to abnormal hemoglobin S production.
• The disorder is widespread in specific global regions, including Africa, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and parts of Asia.
• Sickle-shaped red blood cells cause organ damage, pain, anemia, and can be fatal if untreated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review established and innovative strategies for diagnosing sickle cell disease and its carrier states.
• To highlight the role of biosensing technologies in advancing early SCD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of common diagnostic methods: differential blood cell counts, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and hemoglobin electrophoresis.
• Exploration of emerging sensing technologies for point-of-care diagnosis at genetic and molecular levels.

Main Results:

• Established methods like HPLC and electrophoresis offer high specificity for SCD diagnosis.
• Innovative biosensing technologies are being developed for user-friendly, cost-effective, and timely point-of-care diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• Early and accurate diagnosis of sickle cell disease is vital for reducing mortality rates.
• Advancements in biosensing techniques are critical for the future of early SCD detection and management.