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Updated: Jun 9, 2025
09:02
A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 2, 2021
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Sex, Acute Kidney Injury, and Age: A Prospective Cohort Study
Ladan Golestaneh1, Abby Basalely2, Andreas Linkermann3
1Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Summary
Male sex is a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly in men aged 16-55. Lower AKI risk in women, especially postmenopausal women on estrogen, suggests a protective role for female hormones.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Animal studies suggest female hormones protect against kidney disease.
- Human studies show conflicting results on sex as an acute kidney injury (AKI) risk factor.
- Understanding sex-based differences in AKI risk is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sex and AKI incidence across different age groups.
- To examine the influence of hormonal status on AKI risk in women.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients (N=132,667).
- AKI diagnosis based on KDIGO criteria.
- Statistical analysis using generalized estimating equation logistic regression, stratified by age.
Main Results:
- Men exhibited a higher risk of AKI across all age groups compared to women.
- The association was most pronounced in men aged >16 to <55 years (OR=1.7).
- Postmenopausal women receiving estrogen had lower odds of AKI.
Conclusions:
- Male sex is a significant risk factor for hospitalized AKI.
- Female sex hormones appear to have a protective effect against AKI.
- Age and hormonal status are critical factors influencing AKI risk in humans.
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