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Regional patterns in minimum diet diversity failure and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in India

Gaurav Gunnal1, Dhruvi Bagaria2, Sudeshna Roy3

  • 1Department of Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Opposite Sanjona Chamber, Mumbai 400088, Maharashtra, India.

The National Medical Journal of India
|October 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Minimum diet diversity failure (MDDF) affects 77.1% of Indian children aged 6-23 months, a decrease from 2005. Key factors include maternal education and access to health services, highlighting the need for improved nutrition programs.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Inadequate nutrition contributes to 35% of global child deaths and 11% of disease burden.
  • India faces significant challenges with 1 in 3 children underweight/stunted and 1 in 5 wasted.
  • Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF) is a critical indicator of poor infant and young child feeding practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence, trends, and determinants of MDDF in Indian children aged 6-23 months.
  • To examine dietary patterns across different regions of India using national survey data.
  • To identify factors associated with MDDF to inform targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multivariate and descriptive statistical analysis on National Family and Health Survey (NFHS) data (2005-06 to 2019-21).
  • Examined dietary patterns across 8 food groups for children aged 6-23 months.
  • Assessed trends and regional variations in MDDF prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Overall MDDF in India declined from 87.4% (2005-06) to 77.1% (2019-21).
  • The central region exhibited the highest MDDF prevalence (84.6%) in 2019-21.
  • Factors increasing MDDF likelihood included illiterate/rural mothers, no mass media exposure, first birth order, lack of Anganwadi/ICDS services, low birth weight, anemia, and large family size.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a decrease, MDDF remains a significant public health concern in India.
  • Addressing MDDF requires a multi-pronged government approach, including strengthening the Public Distribution System (PDS) and Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).
  • Leveraging social media and local governance for nutrition counseling is crucial for improving child nutrition outcomes.

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