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Correlation Between Symptom Clusters and Self-Management Among Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional
Na Zhang1,2, Hui Tu1, Xiaoyun Xiong1
1Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Aims And Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between symptom clusters and self-management among maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients.
Background:
MHD patients experience disease progression and multiple symptom burdens that severely impact quality of life, and self-management of symptoms may significantly improve patient-reported outcomes.
Design:
A cross-sectional study.
Methods:
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 194 patients undergoing MHD. The patients were assessed using the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI) and the Haemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HD-SMI). We used descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to examine (1) the level of individual self-management, (2) the presence of symptom clusters by symptom severity and (3) the correlation between symptom clusters and self-management behaviours. This study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE checklist.
Results:
The top five most severe symptoms among the patients were itching, feeling tired or lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth and dry skin. We identified five groups of symptoms: (1) poor sleep, (2) neuromuscular, (3) gastrointestinal, (4) skin irritation and (5) psychological. In the present study, MHD patients reported low to moderate levels of self-management behaviours (50.84 ± 10.56), and low self-management ability was correlated with greater severity of the five symptom clusters (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis revealed that all five symptom clusters were included in the regression equation, explaining 30% of the total variance in self-management skills among MHD patients.
Conclusion:
Enhanced awareness of symptom clusters and comprehensive symptom management are necessary to improve patients' quality of life.
Clinical Relevance:
Nursing practices should incorporate comprehensive symptom assessments to help patients develop effective self-management strategies to improve quality of life.
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