A Study of Sperm DNA Damage Mechanism Based on miRNA Sequencing

To analyze the differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in spermatozoa of patients with sperm DNA damage and to investigate the role of miRNAs in sperm DNA damage. Male infertility patients with sperm DNA damage who attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from October 2023 to December 2023 were selected and included in this study as a case group. Fertile healthy men who were seen at the health check-up center during the same period and diagnosed by examination were also included as a control group. Sperm miRNA expression was detected in patients with sperm DNA damage (case group, n = 5) and healthy medical check-ups (control group, n = 5) using high-throughput sequencing technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups were bioinformatically analyzed to explore the main biological functions of the target genes. We found that 63 miRNAs were significantly changed in the spermatozoa of patients with sperm DNA damage,|log2 (foldchange)| ≥ 1, p < .05. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that these differential miRNAs might be involved in developmental process, anatomical structure development, cellular macromolecule metabolic process, multicellular organism development, system development, and so on. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that that they mainly affect the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The present study suggests that the altered expression of miR-1255a, miR-921, and miR-3156-5p may play an important role in the sperm DNA damage process, and the mechanism may involve the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase-AKT (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway.