Enhancing osteogenesis and mandibular defect repair with magnesium-modified acellular bovine bone matrix

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Orthopedic Research

Background:

• Acellular bone matrices are promising for bone regeneration.
• Incorporating magnesium ions (Mg2+) can enhance osteogenesis.
• Developing functionalized bone scaffolds is crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prepare and evaluate magnesium-ion-modified acellular bovine bone matrix (ABBM-Mg) for osteogenesis and mandibular defect repair.
• To assess the effects of Mg2+ incorporation on the properties and biological performance of ABBM.
• To investigate the potential of ABBM-Mg as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

• Mg2+ was incorporated into acellular bovine bone matrix (ABBM) via ion exchange.
• Microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed using SEM and biomechanical testing.
• In vitro studies involved MC3T3-E1 cells to assess cytocompatibility, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation (CCK-8, Live/Dead, ALP, qPCR).
• In vivo studies utilized a rat mandibular defect model, evaluated with Micro-CT and histological staining (HE, Masson).

Main Results:

• ABBM-Mg exhibited redeposited magnesium-containing mineralization on its surface.
• ABBM-Mg significantly promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to ABBM in vitro.
• The ABBM-Mg scaffold demonstrated enhanced bone defect repair in the rat mandibular model.
• Mg2+ incorporation did not significantly alter ABBM microstructure or compressive strength, with sustained Mg2+ release observed.

Conclusions:

• ABBM-Mg is a viable functionalized bone scaffold with enhanced osteogenic potential.
• Sustained Mg2+ release from ABBM-Mg promotes cellular functions and accelerates mandibular defect healing.
• This study highlights the clinical potential of Mg2+-functionalized acellular bone matrix for bone regeneration.