The Role of Piezoelectric Materials in Bone Remodeling and Repair: Mechanisms and Applications

Bones can sense bioelectricity. The process of bone remodeling and repair needs complex physiological signals like bioelectric, biochemical, and biomechanical factors, which work together to promote bone recovery. The formation, healing, and regeneration of natural bones are intricately linked to the influence of electrical signals. Piezoelectric materials have piezoelectric properties similar to bones, making them suitable for bone like repair. This study systematically summarizes the role of piezoelectric materials in bone remodeling and repair, as well as their related preparation techniques. Subsequently, the piezoelectric mechanism of bones is explored in depth, including the study of bone composition, analysis of piezoelectric and osteogenic mechanisms, and research progress on piezoelectric stimulation guided bone regeneration and repair. Through these analyses, the principle of how piezoelectric materials interact with bones to promote bone repair and remodeling has been further understood. Finally, the article analyzes the mechanism of piezoelectric materials on bone remodeling and repair, revealing how piezoelectric stimulation promotes bone regeneration and repair. These findings offer theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the further application of piezoelectric materials in orthopedics.