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Related Concept Videos

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

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Cortex-wide characterization of decision-making neural dynamics during spatial navigation.

Samuel P Haley, Daniel A Surinach, Angela K Nietz

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |November 1, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Brain activity patterns differ based on decision-making tasks. Working memory tasks show distinct cortical states compared to fixed reward paradigms, revealing how brain regions coordinate decisions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Systems Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Decision-making in freely moving animals involves complex interactions between cortical and subcortical brain regions.
    • Understanding the spatiotemporal coordination of these regions during decision-making is crucial but remains incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cortex-wide calcium dynamics during decision-making in mice navigating an 8-maze.
    • To compare brain activity patterns between a task requiring working memory and a fixed-reward paradigm.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized head-mounted widefield microscopy to record cortex-wide calcium dynamics in mice expressing GCaMP7f.
    • Employed two behavioral paradigms: an alternating pattern requiring short-term memory and a left-side reward-only rule change.
    • Identified and analyzed distinct cortex-wide activation states and their sequences (motifs).

    Main Results:

    • Cortical activation states differed significantly between the two paradigms.
    • A visual/retrosplenial cortical state was more probable during the alternating (working memory) paradigm.
    • A secondary motor and posterior parietal state was more probable during the left-only (fixed reward) paradigm.
    • Identified three state sequences (motifs) showing anterior and posterior activity propagations.
    • Anterior propagating motifs peaked around decision points, while posterior motifs peaked after decisions and were more frequent in the fixed reward paradigm.

    Conclusions:

    • The probabilities and sequences of cortical states vary depending on whether working memory is required or a fixed reward trajectory is used.
    • Posterior propagating motifs, potentially reflecting internal feedback, are more prevalent in fixed reward scenarios, suggesting distinct neural mechanisms for different decision-making contexts.