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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
Published on: July 27, 2022
Formononetin-Loaded Self-Microemulsion Drug Delivery Systems for Improved Solubility and Oral Bioavailability:
Zhihui Zou1, Yuanyuan Xue1, Michael Adu-Frimpong2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
This study aimed to construct a self-microemulsion drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for Formononetin (FMN) to improve its solubility and bioavailability while combining the nanocrystals (NCs) technology. The SMEDDS prescription composition was optimized with a pseudo-three-phase diagram, followed by a series of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the selected optimal prescriptions. FMN-NCs loaded SMEDDS showed a homogeneous spherical shape in the Transmission electron microscope and the particle size was measured as (20.65 ± 1.42) nm. The in vitro cumulative release rate in each dissolution medium within 30 min was higher than 80%, much higher than that of FMN (6%) and FMN-NCs (40%); Cellular experiments confirm that the formulation has a high safety profile and significantly promotes cellular uptake. The results of pharmacokinetics and intestinal absorption in rats showed that the relative bioavailability of FMN-NCs and FMN-NCs loaded SMEDDS were (154.80 ± 3.76)% and (557.73 ± 32.88)%, respectively, and both of them significantly increased the rate and extent of absorption of the drug in intestinal segments. FMN-NCs loaded SMEDDS significantly enhanced the solubility and bioavailability of FMN.
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