Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.2K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

8.8K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
8.8K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

2.3K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep...
2.3K
Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

Arteries of the Lower Limbs

178
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
178
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

1.7K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses...
1.7K
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

170
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
170

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global Socioeconomic Context and Brain Ageing in Epilepsy: an ENIGMA-Epilepsy study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Default-mode network activity is retained in the isolated hemisphere of people after hemispherotomy.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Mechanical Thrombectomy for M2 versus M1 Occlusions: A Propensity-Matched Analysis With Severity-Stratified Assessment of Early Neurological Improvement.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

APTw CEST MRI in therapy-naive IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: insights into tumor heterogeneity and molecular subtypes.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Type, severity, frequency and management of adverse reactions associated with ultrasound contrast agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

European radiology·2026
Same author

Proof of concept: Portable ultra-low-field MRI for the assessment of brain tumors.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026
Same journal

Benchmarking fMRI Denoising Pipelines.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Modeled Long-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Dynamic Activity and Effective Connectivity of Fronto-Striatal-Thalamic Circuits.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Intrinsic Functional Architecture Reflects Individual Differences in Passive Working Memory: An Exploratory Resting-State fMRI Study.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Symptom Overlap and Neurobiological Similarities Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Tinnitus.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

Test-Retest Reliability of Sensorimotor Activity Measured With Spinal Cord fMRI.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same journal

The Human Visual Claustrum Responses to Physical Stimulus Properties and Subjective Content During Movie Viewing.

Human brain mapping·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.0K

Olfactory Dysfunction and Limbic Hypoactivation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Markus Schmidt1,2, Tobias Bauer1,2,3, Marcel Kehl2

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping
|November 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experience olfactory dysfunction, rating odors as more neutral and less familiar. Functional MRI revealed reduced activation in olfactory areas linked to the limbic system in TLE patients compared to healthy controls.

Keywords:
functional MRIneurological disorderolfactometrysense of smell

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.3K
Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.0K
Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.3K
Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Olfactory Research

Background:

  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) involves olfactory cortex structures, with olfactory dysfunction and auras being common symptoms.
  • The epileptogenic network in TLE includes the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, all integral to olfactory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize olfactory function in individuals with TLE using olfactory testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To investigate the neural correlates of olfactory processing deficits in TLE.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 20 individuals with unilateral TLE and 20 healthy controls.
  • Olfactory function assessment using the Screening Sniffin' Sticks Test and subjective ratings of odor intensity, valence, familiarity, and memory.
  • fMRI experiment involving repeated smelling of eugenol (pleasant), valeric acid (unpleasant), and a control solution, with odor intensity ratings and acquisition of EPI, T1, T2, and FLAIR images.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with TLE rated odors as significantly more neutral and less familiar compared to healthy controls (FDR-p < 0.05).
  • fMRI analysis showed reduced response contrast in secondary olfactory areas connected to the limbic system (e.g., hippocampus) when comparing pleasant and unpleasant odors in TLE patients.
  • No significant lateralization effect was observed in the olfactory system activation.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with olfactory dysfunction.
  • Hypoactivation of secondary olfactory structures connected to the limbic system is a key feature in TLE, contributing to olfactory deficits.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of TLE pathophysiology.