Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

Structure of Amines

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Porcine Blood Meal as a Potential Iron Source in Canine Diets: Effects on Digestibility and Antioxidant Properties.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026

Same author

Impact of xylose-mediated Maillard reaction on antioxidant capacity and digestibility of alcalase-hydrolyzed porcine liver during simulated canine digestion.

Food science of animal resources·2026

Same author

Elucidation of flavor codes in citrus fruit peels using electronic sensors, LC-MS/MS, and GC-MS combined with GC-O.

Food chemistry: X·2026

Same author

<math><semantics><msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>̇</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></msub> <annotation>$\dot V_{\rm{O_{2max}}}$</annotation></semantics></math> -based all-out aerobic exercise attenuates hexosamine biosynthetic pathway activity: Metabolomic insights in mice model.

Experimental physiology·2026

Same author

Direct Observation of Conduction Mechanism in Te-Based Selector-Only Memory via Low-Frequency Noise Characterization.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

Overcoming the Critical Thickness Limit: Interfacial Control of Crystallization Pathways in Atomic-Scale Dielectric Thin Films.

ACS nano·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

Nitrogen Complex-Driven Vacancy Cluster in Group-III Nitrides.

Eui-Cheol Shin¹, Youngho Kang², Sang Ho Jeon¹

¹Samsung Display Co., LTD., Yongin-si 17113, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|November 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals new ground states for metal vacancies in group-III nitrides, driven by nitrogen atom migration. Understanding bond character is key to stabilizing these defects in nitride materials.

Keywords:

defects density functional theory group-III nitrides mixed ionic−covalent bond nitrogen complex vacancy cluster

More Related Videos

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Group-III nitride epilayers exhibit defects like vacancy clusters, impacting material properties.
The electronic mechanisms driving vacancy agglomeration in nitrides are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electronic mechanisms behind vacancy agglomeration in group-III nitrides.
To uncover novel ground states of metal vacancies and their formation dynamics.

Main Methods:

Utilized ab initio computational approaches.
Analyzed the role of mixed covalent-ionic bond character in defect stability.

Main Results:

Identified a new ground state for two metal vacancies driven by nitrogen atom migration.
AlN shows exceptionally stable vacancy clusters due to strong ionic character.
GaN exhibits less stable clusters due to weaker ionic character.
InN forms molecular-like azide anions and a trimer metallic bond, leading to indium migration and a Schottky-Frenkel composite defect.

Conclusions:

The mixed covalent-ionic bond character is critical for vacancy cluster stability in nitrides.
Novel insights into defect formation in AlN, GaN, and InN.
Findings can guide the design of improved nitride-based materials and devices.