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Post-Discharge Growth Among Extremely Preterm Infants With or Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Yasuka Kimoto1, Katsuya Hirata1, Shinya Hirano1
1Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
Pediatric Pulmonology
|November 8, 2024
Summary
Extremely preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) requiring home respiratory care (HRC) experienced significant growth delays up to age five. This highlights the long-term impact of BPD and HRC on infant development.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Pediatric Growth and Development
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants.
- Home respiratory care (HRC), including home oxygen therapy (HOT) and home mechanical ventilation (HMV), is often required for infants with BPD post-discharge.
- The long-term effects of BPD and HRC on growth in extremely preterm infants are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and home respiratory care (HRC) with growth outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
- To compare anthropometric measurements from birth to 5 years corrected age among infants with non-BPD, BPD without HRC, and BPD with HRC.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of data from a low-birth-weight infant development survey.
- Inclusion of 788 singleton extremely preterm infants appropriate for gestational age.
- Definition of BPD as requirement of supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestational age.
- Comparison of weight and length measurements from 0 to 5 years corrected age across three groups: non-BPD, BPD without HRC, and BPD with HRC.
Main Results:
- Infants with BPD and HRC showed significantly lower weight and length from 0 to 5 years compared to infants without BPD or BPD without HRC.
- Lower gestational age (GA) and BPD status were significantly associated with weight growth failure at 3 and 5 years.
- Lower GA was significantly associated with length growth failure at 3 and 5 years, while BPD status showed a significant association at 3 years but not at 5 years.
Conclusions:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with home respiratory care (HRC) is linked to significant growth delay in extremely preterm infants up to 5 years of age.
- The impact of BPD severity on length growth failure diminishes with age.
- These findings underscore the importance of monitoring growth in extremely preterm infants with BPD and HRC.
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