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A Manual for Genome and Transcriptome Engineering.

Yesh Doctor, Milan Sanghvi, Prashant Mali

    IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
    |November 8, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Genome and transcriptome engineering offer powerful tools for biotechnology, advancing precision medicine. This review guides tool selection for gene editing and expression control, highlighting applications from base editing to CRISPR-Cas13.

    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
    • Genetics and Genomics
    • Therapeutic Development

    Background:

    • Genome and transcriptome engineering are pivotal in modern biotechnology.
    • These technologies drive advancements in precision medicine and novel therapeutics.
    • A critical need exists for guidance on selecting appropriate engineering tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of current genome and transcriptome engineering methodologies.
    • To critically analyze the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of various engineering tools.
    • To guide researchers in selecting suitable tools for specific biological goals and applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of standard and recent developments in genome engineering (e.g., base editing, prime editing).

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  • Exploration of established and novel transcriptome engineering technologies (e.g., ASOs, RNAi, CRISPR-Cas13, ADAR).
  • Comparative analysis of different approaches for achieving similar biological outcomes and high-throughput applications.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed insights into tool selection for modifying gene function (knockout, deletion, insertion, substitution) and gene expression (repression, activation).
    • Comparison of various techniques for genome and transcriptome manipulation.
    • Identification of high-throughput applications for probing diverse biological targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Genome and transcriptome engineering have a transformative impact on biological research.
    • These technologies are crucial for future innovations in clinical applications and therapeutics.
    • The review serves as a valuable resource for selecting and applying engineering tools effectively.