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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Regional Anesthesia: A Brief Review

Alva Powell1, Elizabeth Khusid2, Briana Lui2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. alp9205@nyp.org.

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|November 8, 2024
PubMed

Keywords:
Healthcare disparitiesNerve blockOrthopedic surgeryRegional anesthesia

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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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One of the advantages of...