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Venous Malformations: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions
Arun Kamireddy1, Clifford R Weiss1
1Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Seminars in Interventional Radiology
|November 11, 2024
Summary
Venous malformations (VMs) are common congenital vascular anomalies. This review details their genetics, diagnosis, and current/emerging treatments, including interventional radiology and molecular therapies targeting the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Medical Genetics
- Interventional Radiology
Background:
- Venous malformations (VMs) are the most frequent congenital vascular anomalies.
- They are slow-flow lesions resulting from disorganized angiogenesis, presenting diverse clinical challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of venous malformations.
- To cover genetics, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and current/emerging treatments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on genetics, clinical aspects, imaging, and therapeutics.
- Discussion of interventional radiology techniques, surgery, and molecular therapies.
Main Results:
- VMs vary in presentation and require multidisciplinary management.
- Interventional radiology (sclerotherapy, embolization) is a primary treatment.
- Emerging therapies target the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing care for VMs necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
- Current treatments include interventional radiology and surgery, with promising molecular therapies on the horizon.
- Further research into genetics and targeted therapies is crucial for improved patient outcomes.
