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Summary

This study systematically reviewed co-creation methods, revealing a significant gap between academic and gray literature. Findings offer guidance for selecting appropriate participatory research methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Public health research
  • Participatory methodologies
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Co-creation is recognized for generating innovative solutions in public health.
  • Lack of standardized methods leads to confusion and inconsistency in co-creation practices.
  • A comprehensive overview of co-creation methods is needed for informed decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compile and analyze methods used in co-creation.
  • To enhance transparency and deepen the understanding of co-creation practices.
  • To identify the diversity and application of co-creation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic methods overview of peer-reviewed and gray literature.
  • AI-assisted recursive search strategy and two-step screening process.
  • Textual, comparative, and bibliometric analyses of extracted co-creation methods.

Main Results:

  • Examined 2627 sources, identifying dominant methodologies like co-creation, co-design, and coproduction.
  • Extracted and analyzed 956 co-creation methods, with only 10% overlap between academic and gray literature.
  • Academic literature frequently combined qualitative methods (surveys, focus groups, photo voice); gray literature highlighted world café, focus groups, and role-playing.

Conclusions:

  • Presents the first systematic overview of co-creation methods, clarifying current practices.
  • Reveals a significant methodological gap between researchers and practitioners.
  • Provides a valuable resource for navigating co-creation methods and informing future research.