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Risk factors of seizure and complex seizure in febrile children: a clinical study

Farhad Heydarian1, Elham Bakhtiari2, Mina Bay3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

BMC Pediatrics
|November 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Low serum zinc, potassium, and sodium levels are risk factors for seizures in children. Higher levels of these minerals, particularly zinc, may decrease seizure risk. Male sex and younger age are associated with increased risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Febrile seizures (FS) are common in children.
  • Trace element and mineral deficiencies are suspected contributors to febrile seizures.
  • The specific role of these elements in complex febrile seizures requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum levels of zinc, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium and the occurrence of febrile seizures (FS) and complex febrile seizures (cFS) in children.
  • To identify potential risk factors for complex seizures in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 220 children (6-60 months old), with 110 experiencing febrile seizures and 110 controls.
  • Measurement of serum zinc, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels.
  • Recording of demographic and clinical characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) and sex.

Main Results:

  • Higher serum zinc levels were associated with a decreased risk of both seizures and complex seizures.
  • Elevated serum sodium and potassium levels were linked to a lower risk of complex seizures.
  • Male sex and lower BMI were identified as risk factors for complex seizures, while higher BMI offered protection.

Conclusions:

  • Low serum zinc, potassium, and sodium are identified as risk factors for seizures and complex seizures in febrile children.
  • Male sex is a significant risk factor for complex seizures.
  • Maintaining adequate levels of these trace elements may be crucial in managing febrile seizures.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildComplex seizureFeverSimple seizureTrace elementZinc

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