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    This study introduces a novel orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing device using multi-plane light conversion (MPLC). The device demonstrates robust performance in optical communication experiments, showing low crosstalk and insertion loss.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing is crucial for increasing optical communication capacity.
    • Multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) offers a method for generating and manipulating OAM states.
    • Fabrication imperfections in MPLC devices can impact their performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel MPLC-based OAM multiplexing apparatus.
    • To investigate the impact of fabrication errors (misalignment, etching inaccuracies) on MPLC device performance.
    • To demonstrate the practical application of MPLC OAM devices in optical communication systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a four-phase-plane MPLC apparatus for OAM generation (topological charges l=0 to ±3).
    • Employed a spatial light modulator to analyze the effects of misalignment and etching errors.
    • Fabricated MPLC devices with varying etching depths (0-775 nm) on a glass substrate.
    • Conducted optical communication experiments transmitting 10 Gbit/s OOK signals over 5 km of few-mode fiber.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing crosstalk below -20 dB and -18 dB, respectively.
    • Reported insertion loss of less than 7 dB for the generated OAM mode coupled to few-mode fiber.
    • Successfully demonstrated multiplexing of three OAM channels carrying 10 Gbit/s OOK signals over 5 km of few-mode fiber using two MPLC devices.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MPLC-based OAM multiplexing device exhibits excellent performance characteristics.
    • The study provides valuable insights into mitigating fabrication errors for improved MPLC device manufacturing.
    • MPLC OAM devices show significant potential for enhancing future optical communication networks.