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Mammalian PIEZO channels rectify anionic currents.

Tharaka D Wijerathne1, Aashish Bhatt2, Wenjuan Jiang2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.

Biophysical Journal
|November 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2) naturally rectify chloride currents, unlike sodium currents. This ion channel rectification can be tuned by pore electrostatics, as shown in PIEZO1 mutants.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ion Channel Physiology

Background:

  • Mammalian PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2) are mechanosensitive ion channels primarily known for cation permeation.
  • While PIEZO1 exhibits some chloride permeability, the mechanisms of anion permeation and rectification in PIEZO channels remain largely unexplored.
  • Understanding anion permeation is crucial for a comprehensive view of PIEZO channel function in cellular physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rectification properties of chloride currents through mammalian PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 channels.
  • To explore the role of pore electrostatics in modulating anion permeation and rectification.
  • To characterize the differences in rectification between cation and anion currents in PIEZO channels.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings (e.g., patch-clamp) were used to measure sodium and chloride currents.
  • Nonpermanent counterions were employed to isolate and measure specific ion currents.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze pore structure and electrostatic potential.

Main Results:

  • Both PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 channels exhibit outward rectification of chloride currents, favoring chloride entry at voltages above its reversal potential.
  • Sodium currents through PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 showed minimal rectification.
  • A PIEZO1 mutant (9K) displayed inward rectification of chloride currents, correlating with positive electrostatic potential in the pore fenestrations.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian PIEZO channels possess an inherent rectification mechanism for chloride currents.
  • The electrostatic properties of the PIEZO channel pore significantly influence and can tune chloride current rectification.
  • These findings reveal a novel aspect of PIEZO channel ion selectivity and transport.