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Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction
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Split Probe-Induced Protein Translational Amplification for Nucleic Acid Detection.

Yoo-Hong Min1,2, Yoonseo Hong1, Cheol-Hee Kim2

  • 1Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|November 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel split-probe sensor for highly sensitive and accurate nucleic acid detection. The method enhances signal generation for microRNA detection in biological samples.

Keywords:
cell-free protein synthesisexosomemiRNAnanolucnucleic acid detectionsfGFPsplit probe

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid detection is crucial for diagnostics, research, and forensics.
  • Current methods often lack sensitivity, accuracy, or affordability.
  • Sensitive and specific nucleic acid detection is a persistent challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, sensitive, and accurate method for nucleic acid detection.
  • To enhance sensitivity through a split-probe strategy and in vitro translational amplification.
  • To enable simultaneous detection of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a split-probe strategy combined with in vitro translational amplification of reporter proteins.
  • Designed a fluorescence split-probe sensor employing reporter proteins with distinct fluorescence wavelengths.
  • Incorporated luminescence detection by modifying reporter protein sequences for enhanced sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting target microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Demonstrated successful analysis and quantification of miRNAs from cell lines and extracellular vesicles.
  • The system enabled simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs using varied fluorescence reporters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed split-probe sensor offers a simple, sensitive, and specific tool for nucleic acid detection.
  • This approach has significant potential for various applications, including diagnostics and research.
  • The system's adaptability allows for the detection of diverse target nucleic acids.