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Prevention of Anal Cancer
Maseray S Kamara1, Gifty Kwakye2
1Department of Surgery, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, 5325 Elliott Drive, Suite 104, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
Abstract:
Anal cancer, though rare, is witnessing an annual increase in incidence, predominantly of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Prevention strategies revolve around reducing risk factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, immunosuppression, smoking, and high-risk sexual practices, while advocating for HPV vaccination. The Anal Cancer-HSIL Outcomes Research trial validates treating anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion to curb SCC development. Screening methods include digital anal rectal examination, anal Papanicolaou smear, HPV testing, and high-resolution anoscopy. However, standardized screening guidelines are lacking, necessitating future efforts to streamline protocols and enhance public awareness of anal cancer.
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