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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Addiction Medicine: Alcohol Use Disorder.

Maureen O Grissom1, Brian C Reed2, Steven M Starks2

  • 1Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences - Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary care physicians are key to identifying and managing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Effective management requires patient collaboration and awareness of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and underutilized pharmacotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Primary care physicians (PCPs) are crucial for identifying and managing alcohol use disorder (AUD).
  • AUD impacts patient safety, physical and mental health, and public well-being.
  • Screening for risky drinking is recommended but inconsistently applied in primary care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the integral role of PCPs in AUD identification and management.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient-centered treatment approaches for AUD.
  • To underscore the need for physician awareness regarding alcohol withdrawal syndrome and pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current guidelines and clinical practices related to AUD screening and management in primary care.
  • Discussion of the clinical presentation and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
  • Analysis of treatment options, including pharmacotherapy, for AUD.

Main Results:

  • AUD screening is recommended but not uniformly implemented in primary care settings.
  • Patient collaboration is essential for effective AUD treatment planning.
  • Alcohol withdrawal syndrome affects approximately 50% of patients reducing alcohol intake.
  • Pharmacotherapy for AUD remains underutilized.

Conclusions:

  • PCPs must be proficient in screening, diagnosing, and managing AUD.
  • Treatment plans should be individualized, considering alternatives to abstinence.
  • Physicians need enhanced knowledge of alcohol withdrawal management and available pharmacotherapies.