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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice
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Pupil Trend Reflects Suboptimal Alertness Maintenance over 10 s in Vigilance and Working Memory Performance: An

Jumpei Yamashita1, Hiroki Terashima2, Makoto Yoneya2

  • 1NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan junpei.yamashita@ntt.com.

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|November 18, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Slow pupil changes lasting over 10 seconds indicate declining alertness and predict poorer performance on vigilance (VG) and working memory (WM) tasks. This suggests a new way to monitor concentration during cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
LC–NEalertnessattention network testn-backpsychomotor vigilancepupil

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Maintaining concentration is vital for cognitive tasks like vigilance (VG) and working memory (WM).
  • Internal alertness fluctuates, impacting performance, but the timescale of these fluctuations is not well understood.
  • Pupil diameter changes can reflect alertness levels, but slow trends have been under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if slow pupil trends correlate with suboptimal tonic alertness maintenance.
  • To determine if these pupil trends negatively impact trial-by-trial performance in VG and WM tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the psychomotor vigilance task (VG) and visual-spatial two-back task (WM).
  • Analyzed "pupil trends" (slow pupil diameter changes >10s) in relation to reaction times.
  • Employed the attention network test to differentiate tonic alertness from task-specific performance.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher pupil trends (>10s) were observed during trials with longer reaction times (poorer performance) in both VG and WM tasks.
  • These slow trends were linked to tonic alertness maintenance, not task-specific performance (phasic responses).

Conclusions:

  • Slow pupil trends over 10 seconds are reliable indicators of suboptimal tonic alertness and predict performance decrements in VG and WM tasks.
  • These findings suggest potential for monitoring and compensating for lapses in concentration during demanding cognitive tasks.
  • The study indicates the possibility of estimating concentration during visual tasks, even with luminance-driven pupil changes.