Portable Mini-Electrochemical Cell: Integrating Microsampling and Micro-Electroanalysis for Multipurpose On-Site
Shohreh Madani1, Amir Hatamie1
1Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran.
This study introduces a miniaturized voltammetric cell for rapid, on-site analysis of nitrite ions in various samples. The portable device offers a sensitive, selective, and green alternative for clinical, environmental, and forensic applications.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Developing miniaturized, user-friendly sensing tools is crucial for modern analytical chemistry.
- Existing methods for nitrite analysis can be time-consuming and require specialized equipment.
- Multitasking capabilities in sensing tools are highly desirable for diverse applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and evaluate a mini-voltammetric cell for portable, on-site micro-volume sampling and electroanalysis.
- To optimize the mini-voltammetric cell for the trace analysis of nitrite ions.
- To assess the tool's performance, selectivity, stability, and applicability in real-world samples.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a mini-voltammetric cell integrating a modified Au microelectrode (Au/Au NPs) and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode within a micropipette tip.
- Optimization of the cell for nitrite ion detection, establishing linear response ranges and limit of detection.
- Analysis of nitrite ions in real samples (urine, river water, gunshot residue indicators) using standard addition and recovery tests.
- Evaluation of the method's sustainability using Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI).
Main Results:
- The mini-voltammetric cell demonstrated linear responses for nitrite ions (20-150 μM and 150-1200 μM) with a limit of detection of 18.40 μM.
- The device exhibited high selectivity, stability (3.24% signal drop over 36 measurements), and repeatability (RSD of 2.98%).
- Successful analysis of nitrite ions in diverse real samples, confirming its applicability in clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensic investigations.
- The method was classified as a green analytical procedure with high applicability.
Conclusions:
- The proposed mini-voltammetric cell is a reliable, sensitive, and selective tool for fast, on-site microanalysis of nitrite ions.
- It offers a reagent-free, low-volume alternative to current detection methods.
- The technology holds potential for adaptation to analyze other analytes in various fields requiring microvolume analysis.
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