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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

940
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
940
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

1.7K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
1.7K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

460
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
460
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

669
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
669
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.0K
Overview
31.0K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

525
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
525

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Neoantigen prioritization based on antigen processing and presentation.

Serina Tokita1,2, Takayuki Kanaseki1,2, Toshihiko Torigoe1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Identifying tumor-specific neoantigens is crucial for personalized cancer immunotherapy. This review explores methods for detecting these neoantigens, focusing on antigen processing and presentation for effective T-cell targeting.

Keywords:
MHCantigen processing and presentationcancer vaccineneoantigenpersonalized medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Somatic mutations in tumors create unique neoantigens, which are ideal targets for T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy due to their tumor-specificity.
  • Neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy represents a personalized medicine approach, necessitating individual patient neoantigen identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methodologies for detecting clinically relevant neoantigens.
  • To emphasize the importance of antigen processing and presentation in neoantigen detection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of computational algorithms and machine learning for prioritizing neoantigen candidates.
  • Exploration of technological innovations aimed at improving neoantigen detection efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Neoantigen presentation by MHC molecules follows specific rules, not random occurrence.
  • The number of clinically relevant neoantigens per patient is typically limited, posing a detection challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate neoantigen identification is key to advancing personalized cancer vaccines and immunotherapies.
  • Further technological advancements in understanding antigen processing and presentation will enhance neoantigen detection and therapeutic efficacy.