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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

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PIC-king apart PRC1-mediated repression.

Evan Healy1, Adrian P Bracken2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) silences genes crucial for cell identity. The noncanonical form (ncPRC1) establishes a deep OFF state at gene promoters by preventing transcription initiation.

Keywords:
Polycombgene repressionlive-cell imagingncPRC1transcription

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Identity

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is vital for maintaining cellular identity by repressing lineage-specific genes.
  • PRC1 plays a critical role in establishing and preserving cell-specific gene expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the noncanonical form of PRC1 (ncPRC1) in gene silencing.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which ncPRC1 establishes a repressed state at gene promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of H2AK119ub1 modification mediated by ncPRC1.
  • Investigating the impact of ncPRC1 on transcription initiation at gene promoters.

Main Results:

  • The noncanonical form of PRC1 (ncPRC1) mediates the H2AK119ub1 mark.
  • ncPRC1 activity leads to a profound "OFF" state at gene promoters.
  • This repression is achieved by directly blocking transcription initiation.

Conclusions:

  • ncPRC1 is a key regulator of gene silencing.
  • The H2AK119ub1 modification is central to ncPRC1-mediated transcriptional repression.
  • PRC1's noncanonical function is essential for maintaining cellular identity through deep gene silencing.