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Published on: August 2, 2024
Heart Transplant Outcomes in Older Adults in the Modern Era of Transplant
Stephanie Golob1, Orly Leiva1, Randal Goldberg1
1Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Background:
Because of advances in medical treatment of heart failure, patients are living longer than in previous eras and may approach the need for advanced therapies, including heart transplantation, at older ages. This study assesses practices surrounding heart transplant in older adults (> 70 years) and examines short- and medium-term outcomes.
Methods And Results:
This study is a retrospective analysis using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from 2010 to 2021. The absolute number of older adults being transplanted is increasing. Older adults were more likely to have had a prior malignancy or ischemic cardiomyopathy and less likely to be on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation or have a high UNOS status prior to transplant. Mortality at 1-year was higher for older adults (27.8% vs. 23.4%), but at 5 years there was no significant difference (22.3% vs. 19.4%.). Older adults were more likely to die of malignancy or infection. Adults under 70 were more likely to die of cardiovascular causes or graft failure. There was less rejection in older adults. Mortality has not changed for older adults transplanted before versus after the 2018 UNOS allocation change.
Conclusions:
Carefully selected older adults may be considered for heart transplantation, given similar intermediate-term mortality.
