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Decreased endothelial pump function with aging.

M R O'Neal, K A Polse

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Older adults experience slower corneal recovery after stress due to changes in endothelial cells. This study highlights age-related declines in corneal hydration regulation and endothelial morphology.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Gerontology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Normal aging is associated with endothelial cell loss and polymegathism, potentially affecting endothelial function.
    • Endothelial function, crucial for corneal hydration, can be assessed by monitoring corneal recovery after hypoxic stress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare corneal recovery and endothelial morphology between younger and older adults.
    • To investigate the relationship between corneal endothelial cell morphology and recovery rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Corneal edema was induced in younger (mean age 26.7 yrs) and older (mean age 65.7 yrs) subjects using hydrogel lenses.
    • Corneal thickness recovery was monitored for 4 hours with one eye open and the contralateral eye closed.
    • Endothelial morphology, including cell shape and size variability, was analyzed.

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    Main Results:

    • Older subjects showed significantly slower corneal recovery rates compared to younger subjects under both open and closed eye conditions.
    • Recovery time to baseline was longer for older subjects (3.0 hrs open eye, incomplete at 4 hrs closed eye) than younger subjects (2.5 hrs open eye, 3.5 hrs closed eye).
    • Slower recovery rates correlated negatively with the coefficient of variation in corneal endothelial cell area.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging impairs corneal endothelial function, leading to reduced hydration recovery capacity.
    • Increased variability in corneal endothelial cell size and shape is a significant factor contributing to slower recovery rates in older individuals.
    • These findings suggest that age-related morphological changes in corneal endothelial cells impact their functional reserve.