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Comparing PFAS analysis in batch leaching and column leaching tests.

Ute Kalbe1, Christian Piechotta2, Nicole Bandow2,3

  • 1BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, 12200, Berlin, Germany. ute.kalbe@bam.de.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory leaching tests assess contaminant mobility. Column percolation tests offer more reliable perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) release data than batch tests, especially for shorter-chain PFAS.

Keywords:
Batch testColumn percolation testEluate pretreatmentLeachingPFASSoil

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants.
  • Assessing PFAS mobility in soils is crucial for environmental risk evaluation.
  • Laboratory leaching tests are standard methods for evaluating contaminant mobility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the equivalence of batch and column percolation leaching tests for PFAS-contaminated soils.
  • To evaluate the impact of different liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) on PFAS release.
  • To assess the suitability of current analytical standards for PFAS detection in soils and eluates.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative laboratory leaching tests using four PFAS-contaminated soils.
  • Batch and column percolation tests performed at L/S ratios of 2 L/kg and 10 L/kg.
  • Analysis of 10 selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils and eluates.

Main Results:

  • Column percolation tests showed smaller replicate differences compared to batch tests, indicating higher reliability.
  • Batch tests tend to overestimate the release of shorter-chain PFAS, particularly carboxylic acids.
  • Current DIN standard detection limits for soil analysis are insufficient for some perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSA).

Conclusions:

  • Column percolation tests are more representative for assessing PFAS mobility than batch tests.
  • Overestimation of shorter-chain PFAS release by batch tests necessitates careful interpretation of results.
  • Improved analytical methods and standards are needed for accurate PFAS quantification in contaminated soils and for mass balance calculations.