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Related Concept Videos

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays
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[Research progress in the small G-protein Rac1].

Yiheng Yang1, Shuling Zhao1, Changyong Liang1

  • 1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225100, Jiangsu, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The small G-protein Rac1 regulates the actin cytoskeleton and is crucial for viral replication and glioma cell invasion. Inhibiting Rac1 offers a promising strategy for developing antiviral and anticancer therapies.

Keywords:
Rac1cytoskeletontumorvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Human Pathology

Background:

  • The small G-protein Rac1 is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton.
  • Rac1 activity influences viral replication, infection, glioma cell behavior, and diseases like tumors and epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on the role of Rac1 in virology, cell biology, and human pathology.
  • To explore Rac1's implications in viral replication, infection, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Rac1.
  • Analysis of Rac1's involvement in viral processes and cellular functions.
  • Examination of Rac1's role in human diseases.

Main Results:

  • Rac1 is closely linked to viral replication and infection processes.
  • Inhibiting Rac1 can significantly reduce viral replication and transport.
  • Rac1 influences actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, adhesion, and invasion in glioma cells.

Conclusions:

  • Rac1 plays a critical role in viral replication and infection.
  • Targeting Rac1 presents a novel therapeutic approach for viral diseases.
  • Understanding Rac1's function provides insights for developing new drugs against viruses and potentially other diseases.