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Obesity prolongs the pro-inflammatory response and attenuates bone healing on titanium implants
Derek Avery1, Lais Morandini1, Luke Sheakley1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Acta Biomaterialia
|November 25, 2024
Summary
Obesity impairs bone formation around titanium implants by promoting chronic inflammation and altering immune cell responses. This leads to reduced biomaterial integration and healing in obese individuals.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Immunology
- Metabolic Disease Research
Background:
- Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation.
- Obesity affects immune cell function, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Biomaterial surface properties influence immune cell behavior at implant sites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of diet-induced obesity on the inflammatory response to modified titanium (Ti) implants.
- To assess the effect of obesity on peri-implant immune cell populations and bone formation.
- To determine how obesity influences immune cell phenotype and function in the peri-implant microenvironment.
Main Methods:
- Induction of obesity in mice using a high-fat diet (HFD).
- Analysis of peri-implant immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, MSCs).
- Measurement of circulating adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Assessment of bone formation around Ti implants.
- Adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells from obese to lean mice.
Main Results:
- Obese mice exhibited increased neutrophils, pro-inflammatory macrophages, and T cells, with decreased anti-inflammatory macrophages and MSCs around Ti implants.
- Obesity led to elevated circulating adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Bone formation around Ti implants was significantly reduced in obese mice.
- Adoptive transfer confirmed obesity's role in promoting a pro-inflammatory peri-implant environment and impairing bone healing.
Conclusions:
- Obesity significantly alters the immune response to modified Ti implants, prolonging inflammation.
- Obesity compromises peri-implant bone formation and biomaterial integration.
- Diet-induced obesity creates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that hinders osseointegration.
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