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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

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Bioengineering the Junctional Epithelium in 3D Oral Mucosa Models.

Marianna Gavriiloglou1, Mira Hammad2, Jordan M Iliopoulos3

  • 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Developing advanced 3D oral mucosal models is crucial for studying periodontal diseases. These models better replicate human tissue complexity than 2D cultures or animal studies, improving research on soft-tissue attachment.

Keywords:
3D oral mucosa modelfibroblastsgingivaimplant insertjunctional epitheliumkeratinocytessoft-tissue barriertooth insert

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Current 2D culture models and animal studies fail to fully replicate human periodontal tissue complexity.
  • A functional soft-tissue seal around teeth and implants is vital for protecting deeper tissues from infection.
  • Developing a sophisticated 3D oral mucosal model is essential for accurate disease modeling and treatment testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in biofabricating 3D junctional epithelium models around tooth-like or implant inserts in vitro.
  • To explore cell origins, extracellular components, and biomaterials used in 3D oral mucosa model development.
  • To critically assess methods for evaluating soft-tissue attachment in existing 3D models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biofabrication techniques for 3D oral mucosa models.
  • Analysis of cell sources and biomaterials employed in creating these models.
  • Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative assessment methods for soft-tissue attachment.

Main Results:

  • Existing 3D models successfully recapitulate soft-tissue attachment around implant abutments and hydroxyapatite discs.
  • Various cell types and biomaterials have been utilized, with diverse approaches to extracellular matrix incorporation.
  • Established methods for assessing soft-tissue attachment vary in their qualitative and quantitative rigor.

Conclusions:

  • Biofabrication of 3D oral mucosa models has progressed, offering improved in vitro platforms for studying soft-tissue attachment.
  • Further refinement is needed to integrate oral immunology and microbiology, particularly biofilm studies, for accurate disease simulation.
  • Future sophisticated 3D models hold promise for advancing research into periodontal and peri-implant diseases.