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Robotic-Arm Assisted THA: Improved Acetabular Component Accuracy and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Benjamin F Giertych1, Adam E Klein1, Matthew J Dietz1

  • 1West Virginia University, Department of Orthopaedics, Morgantown, West Virginia.

Surgical Technology International
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty (RA THA) showed more consistent acetabular component placement within the safe zone compared to conventional manual THA. Both methods improved patient outcomes, with RA THA demonstrating superior long-term hip function scores.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Robotics in Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate acetabular component placement is crucial for total hip arthroplasty (THA) success.
  • Robotic-arm assisted (RA) THA offers potential for improved precision over conventional manual (CM) THA.
  • Investigating RA vs. CM THA impacts on component positioning and patient outcomes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare acetabular component placement accuracy between RA THA and CM THA.
  • To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and dislocation rates in both groups.
  • To determine if RA THA leads to more consistent placement within the Lewinnek safe zone.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized trial of 37 patients undergoing primary THA (17 RA, 20 CM).
  • Preoperative and 3-month CT scans analyzed component version and inclination.
  • PROMs assessed early clinical outcomes, including Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and PROMIS-10.

Main Results:

  • Fewer RA components (1/17) were outside the Lewinnek safe zone compared to CM (8/20).
  • No dislocations occurred in either group; HOOS scores improved significantly in both.
  • RA THA showed significantly higher 1-year HOOS symptom and sports score improvements; CM THA showed higher 6-month mental health improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Robotic-arm assistance may enhance acetabular component placement consistency within the Lewinnek safe zone.
  • Both RA and CM THA yield PROM improvements, with distinct effects on specific outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain the long-term clinical significance of these observed differences.